Haemodialysis Fluid

Conventional acid concentrate typically contains the chloride salts of sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium, dextrose and an organic acid (gl. Acetic acid). The organic acid used in the ‘acid concentrate’ can be in the form of glacial acetic acid or citric acid. The acid concentrate may also contain the salt of an organic acid, such

Citrate Type Haemodialysis Solution Citrate system suppresses dialysis-associated degranulation of polymorphonuclear cells and platelets, and led to reduced plasma level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Significantly lower plasma levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 beta early during CITRATE dialysis are found. Citrate-containing dialysis fluid, significantly reduces levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, with concomitant positive effects on nutritional

Potassium Free Type Most patients dialysed for acute renal failure suffer from hyperkalemia. ThIS dialysate is therefore formulated with no potassium. However, as dialysis for more than a few days will result in potassium losses, potassium often must be added later. This is done by adding 3 or 4 mmol/L to the dilute solution. The

Calcium Free Type Patients on chronic dialysis are susceptible to hypocalcaemia and an attempt is made to provide a positive calcium balance to prevent renal osteodystrophy. In the setting of renal failure requiring dialysis, 61% of calcium is not bound to plasma proteins and is in a diffusible equilibrium during hemodialysis. As a result calcium

Dextrose Type Solution Dextrose is required for maintaining an osmotic gradient between the blood and dialysate. Hemodialysis against a dextrose free dialysate results in a net loss of glucose approximately 1 gm per litre fully equilibrated dialysate, or 24 to 36 gm per day during CRRT. Patients on CRRT with a glucose free dialysate could

Low Sodium With Dextrose Type In this dialysate solution sodium is maintained at hypo-osmolal levels in chronic dialysis to reduce interdialytic weight gain and thirst. This is aimed for patients suffering from obesity and /or chronic diabetes. The composition of the dialysis solution is as follows: PART I : The acid concentrate (in liquid form)

Acetate Type Haemodialysis System Acetate is a normal metabolite in the human body. The metabolism of acetate generates bicarbonate and acetate therefore adds to the buffer gain during dialysis. The presence of 3–5 mmol/l acetate or more in dialysis fluid leads during dialysis to diffusive transfer of acetate into blood, generally resulting in a 5-